====== Cb3 Lubuntu-12.10-desktop Nand Installation 20131015-build ======

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//__About this Article__//
  * **Author**: benn --- benn@cubietech.com --- 2013/10/14 22:37
  * **Copyrights**: [[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/|CC Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported]]
  * **Contributors**: [[http://cubieboard.org/|Cubieboard Community]] : ...
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===== Abstract =====
Cubietruck is the 3rd board of cubietech, which is also named cubieboard3. The board features an Allwinner A20 ARM Cortex-A7 dual core processor with Mali 400 MP2 graphics, 2GB of RAM, HDMI, Gigabit Ethernet, WiFi, Bluetooth, and a microSD card slot. There’s nothing too surprising in those specs, but here’s what sets this developer board apart from a tablet with its screen ripped off. The Cubietruck has a SATA 2.0 interface, 2 USB host ports, SPDIF, a headphone jack, IR port, and 4 LED lights. It also has 54 extended pins including UART, PS2, and a bunch of other options. Read more about cubietruck, please refer to [[http://docs.cubieboard.org/products/start|here]].

Lubuntu is a fast and lightweight operating system developed by a community of Free and Open Source enthusiasts. The core of the system is based on Linux and Ubuntu . Lubuntu uses the minimal desktop LXDE, and a selection of light applications. It's official site is [[http://www.lubuntu.net/|lubuntu]]

The Cubie team have ported cubietruck to lubuntu-12.10-desktop, here is a guide for installing lubuntu-12.10-desktop to cubietruck nandflash.


===== Preparations =====

==== Download Images ====
wget http://dl.cubieboard.org/software/a20-cubietruck/lubuntu/ct-lubuntu-nand-v1.00/ct-lubuntu-desktop-20131026/lubuntu-desktop-nand.img.gz
gzip -d lubuntu-desktop-nand.img.gz
==== PhoenixSuit ====
To flash the image to cubietruck board, you need to install phoenixsuit on your labtop. Please refer to the [[http://docs.cubieboard.org/tutorials/common/livesuit_installation_guide|Installation Guide]]

Here is my working enviroment

  $ cat /etc/os-release 
  NAME="Ubuntu"
  VERSION="12.04.2 LTS, Precise Pangolin"
  ID=ubuntu
  ID_LIKE=debian
  PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu precise (12.04.2 LTS)"
  VERSION_ID="12.04"
  
  uname -a
  Linux ubt 3.2.0-49-generic #75-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jun 18 17:39:32 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux


===== Installation =====

==== Start LiveSuit ====

  $ ~/Bin/LiveSuit/LiveSuit.sh

{{:tutorials:ct1:installation:lubuntu-livesuit.png?700|LiveSuit GUI}}

==== Select Image ====

{{:tutorials:ct1:installation:lubuntu-livesuit-2.png?700|LiveSuit GUI}}

==== Enter FEL Mode ====

{{:tutorials:ct1:installation:livesuit-enter-fel-mode.png?700|LiveSuit GUI}}

  - Press FEL key, and holding it
  - Plug in mini usb cable, and wait the following prombt
  - Release FEL key

{{:tutorials:ct1:installation:lubuntu-livesuit-3.png?700|LiveSuit GUI}}

==== Flash to Board ====

When seeing the prombt, you have enter the FEL mode. Select Yes to continue

{{:tutorials:ct1:installation:lubuntu-livesuit-4.png?700|LiveSuit GUI}}

{{:tutorials:ct1:installation:lubuntu-livesuit-5.png?700|LiveSuit GUI}}

Congratulations! You have finished the installation process. Enjoy your Cubie and Lubuntu Desktop!

When you first start up the system, It will take about 2 minutes to initialize the system. Also we suggest you have the ethernet cable connected when booting, to avoid waiting DHCP timeout.



===== Customizing =====

==== Changing Boot Parameters ====

If we want to change boot parameter, say, we want to add "hdmi.audio=EDID:0 disp.screen0_output_mode=EDID:1920x1080p50" to the kernel parameter:

  $wget http://dl.cubieboard.org/software/a20-common/mk_env_fex.tar
  $tar -xf mk_env_fex.tar
  $cd mk_env_fex
  $vim env.cfg

  Change the content below
  ...
  loglevel=5
  extras=hdmi.audio=EDID:0 disp.screen0_output_mode=EDID:1920x1080p50
  #set kernel cmdline if boot.img or recovery.img has no cmdline we will use this
  setargs_nand=setenv bootargs console=${console} init=${init} loglevel=${loglevel} ${extras}
  setargs_mmc=setenv bootargs console=${console} init=${init} loglevel=${loglevel}
  #nand command syntax: sunxi_flash read address partition_name read_bytes
  ..

  $mk_env_fex

copy env.fex to lubuntu OS, then dd if=env.fex of=/dev/nandb bs=1M


==== Changing Kernel ====
  * Getting The Kernel Source
The kernel source matching this image is [[http://dl.cubieboard.org/software/a20-cubietruck/lubuntu/obsolete/ct_lubuntu_desktop_12.10_20131015/linux-sunxi.tar.gz|here]]. And the defconfig is [[http://dl.cubieboard.org/software/a20-cubietruck/lubuntu/obsolete/ct_lubuntu_desktop_12.10_20131015/kernel_defconfig|here]].

Please also refer to

  http://github.com/linux-sunxi
  http://github.com/cubieboard2

  * Compiling

  $tar -zxvf linux-sunxi.tar.gz
  $cp kernel_defconfig linux-sunxi/.config
  $cd linux-sunxi
  $make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- uImage modules
  $objcopy -R .note.gnu.build-id -S -O binary vmlinux bImage
  $mkbootimg --kernel bImage \
        --ramdisk rootfs.cpio.gz \
        --board "sun7i" \
        --base 0x40000000 \
        -o "boot.img"

Note: mkbootimg command can be found at this [[http://dl.cubieboard.org/software/a20-common/mk_env_fex.tar|package]]

  * Replacing

Copy boot.img, modules to your lubuntu system,

  #dd if=boot.img of=/dev/nandc bs=1M

Note: You should be skilled in kernel building, else it's easy to damage your OS system.

  


==== Building Custom Modules ====

  * Download Kernel Source

  $wget http://dl.cubieboard.org/software/a20-cubietruck/lubuntu/obsolete/ct_lubuntu_desktop_12.10_20131015/linux-sunxi.tar.gz
  $wget http://dl.cubieboard.org/software/a20-cubietruck/lubuntu/obsolete/ct_lubuntu_desktop_12.10_20131015/kernel_defconfig

  * Extract and create local git repo

  $tar -zxf linux-sunxi.tar.gz
  $cp kernel_defconfig linux-sunxi/.config
  $git init
  $git add .
  $git commit -m "init a repo just for match the uname -r token" -a
  $make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- menuconfig
  $make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- uImage
  $cd $your_kernel_module_path_and_point_your_kdir_here
  ...

  *Copy your new module to your lubuntu OS
  
  




==== Using GPIOs ====
TBD

==== Using GPIO Interrupt ====
TBD

==== Using PWM =====
TBD

==== Using More UARTs ====
TBD


==== C/C++ Programming ====
lubuntu-12.10-desktop is quite a modern operating system, that we can do almost all language programming, including C/C++, JAVA, Python, Perl, and so on. To support C/C++ programming, just run the following command:

  #apt-get install build-essential

To become more productivy, you can also use VIM or EMACS

  #apt-get install vim emacs cscope cscope-el


===== Tips =====

==== About Partitions ====

  * Partitons Layout
We have 5 partitions on the system, nand represent the whole nandflash. Nand[a-e] are treated as partitons

  root@cubietruck:~# ls /dev/nand* -l
  brw-rw---- 1 root disk 93, 0 Oct 15 08:46 /dev/nand
  brw-rw---- 1 root disk 93, 1 Oct 15 08:46 /dev/nanda
  brw-rw---- 1 root disk 93, 2 Oct 15 08:46 /dev/nandb
  brw-rw---- 1 root disk 93, 3 Oct 15 08:46 /dev/nandc
  brw-rw---- 1 root disk 93, 4 Oct 15 08:46 /dev/nandd
  brw-rw---- 1 root disk 93, 5 Oct 15 08:46 /dev/nande

  * /dev/nanda
Contains the bootlogo, script.bin, and so on

  root@cubietruck:~# ls /mnt/nanda/
  boot.axf  drv_de.drv    font24.sft  linux      os_show   script.bin
  boot.ini  drv_hdmi.drv  font32.sft  magic.bin  prvt.axf  sprite.axf

  * /dev/nandb
Contains the u-boot boot parameters. The origin is showed below,

  bootdelay=1
  #default bootcmd, will change at runtime according to key press
  bootcmd=run setargs_nand boot_normal#default nand boot
  #kernel command arguments
  console=ttyS0,115200
  nand_root=/dev/system
  mmc_root=/dev/mmcblk0p7
  init=/init
  loglevel=5
  #set kernel cmdline if boot.img or recovery.img has no cmdline we will use this
  setargs_nand=setenv bootargs console=${console} init=${init} loglevel=${loglevel}
  setargs_mmc=setenv bootargs console=${console} init=${init} loglevel=${loglevel}
  #nand command syntax: sunxi_flash read address partition_name read_bytes
  #0x40007800 = 0x40008000(kernel entry) - 0x800(boot.img header 2k)
  boot_normal=boota 40007800
  #boot_normal=sunxi_flash read 40007800 boot;boota 40007800
  boot_recovery=sunxi_flash read 40007800 recovery;boota 40007800
  boot_fastboot=fastboot
  #recovery key
  recovery_key_value_max=0x13
  recovery_key_value_min=0x10
  #fastboot key
  fastboot_key_value_max=0x8
  fastboot_key_value_min=0x2

If you want to change your own kernel parameter, you can:
  - Save above text to a file, e.g. env.cfg
  - Use u_boot_env_gen tool to convert the file to a image
  - dd the image to /dev/nandb

If you are using Ubuntu 12.04 X86_64, there is a simple script help you do that
  $wget http://dl.cubieboard.org/software/a20-common/mk_env_fex.tar
  $tar -xf mk_env_fex.tar
  $cd mk_env_fex
  $vim env.cfg  -- and change the content as you want
  $./mk_env_fex.sh



  






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