====== Lubuntu Desktop/Server SD Card Installation for Cubietruck ======

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//__About this Article__//
  * **Author**: benn --- benn@cubietech.com --- 2013/11/04 10:12
  * **Copyrights**: [[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/|CC Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported]]
  * **Contributors**: [[http://cubieboard.org/|Cubieboard Community]] : ...
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===== Abstract =====	 
We may want to install lubuntu desktop/​server to SD card, here is a guide for you. This guide is for Linux platform only. We take Desktop as a example in this guide. If you are interested in Server, just replace the images with [[http://dl.cubieboard.org/software/a20-cubietruck/lubuntu/ct-lubuntu-card0-v1.00/server/|server one]].
		 
		 
===== Prerequisites =====	 
   * Any Linux environment,​ we want fdisk, dd, tar, wget commands
   * An SD Card(at least 2GB)	 
		 
===== Installation ======

We assume card=/dev/sdd here

		 
==== Get Images====	 

^ Name ^ Desc ^ URL ^
| u-boot | u-boot with spl | [[http://dl.cubieboard.org/software/a20-cubietruck/lubuntu/ct-lubuntu-card0-v1.00/u-boot-sunxi-with-spl-ct-20131102.bin|download]] |
| bootfs | uImage, uEnv.txt, script.bin | [[http://dl.cubieboard.org/software/a20-cubietruck/lubuntu/ct-lubuntu-card0-v1.00/desktop/bootfs-part1.tar.gz|download]] |
| rootfs | rootfs | [[http://dl.cubieboard.org/software/a20-cubietruck/lubuntu/ct-lubuntu-card0-v1.00/desktop/rootfs-part2.tar.gz|download]] |


==== Cleaning SD Card ====
  $card=/dev/sdd
  $sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=${card} bs=1024 seek=544 count=128

==== Make Bootable SD Card ====

  $sudo dd if=u-boot-sunxi-with-spl-ct-20131102.bin of=$card bs=1024 seek=8

==== Partitioning ====

  $ sudo fdisk $card
  

Using the fdisk command to create 2 partitions on the SD Card, e.g.
  * 1st partitions start from 2048 sectors, 64MB in size
  * 2nd partitions just keep it all default

Show bellow

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
  /dev/sdd1            2048      133119       65536   83  Linux
  /dev/sdd2          133120    15278079     7572480   83  Linux

Also we recommend you to look at [[http://linux-sunxi.org/Bootable_SD_card |Bootable_SD_card]]


  $sudo mkfs.ext2 ${card}1
  $sudo mkfs.ext4 ${card}2
		 

==== Copying ====

  $mkdir /tmp/sdd1 /tmp/sdd2
  $sudo mount -t ext2 ${card}1 /tmp/sdd1
  $sudo mount -t ext4 ${card}2 /tmp/sdd2
  $sudo tar -C /tmp/sdd1 -xvf bootfs-part1.tar.gz
  $sudo tar -C /tmp/sdd2 -xvf rootfs-part2.tar.gz
  $sync
  $sudo umount /tmp/sdd1
  $sudo umount /tmp/sdd2


===== Customizing ( optional )====

==== Change your own kernel ====


==== Move Rootfs to Hard Drive====

  * Mount rootfs partitions
After login to lubuntu system on Cubietruck with linaro, 
  $sudo su - root   --> change to root user
  #mkdir /tmp/1 /tmp/target
  #mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 /tmp/1
  #mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
  #mount /dev/sda1 /tmp/target

  * Moving rootfs

  #(cd /tmp/1; tar --backup -c *) |tar -C /tmp/target -xv

  * Changing Kernel Parameters

  #mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /mnt/
  #vi /mnt/uEnv.txt
  (Change root=/dev/sda1)

So the file's content would like bellow 

  cat /mnt/uEnv.txt
  root=/dev/sda1
  extraargs=console=tty0 hdmi.audio=EDID:0 disp.screen0_output_mode=EDID:1280x720p50 rootwait panic=10 rootfstype=ext4 rootflags=discard

  * Sync to disk, and reboot to your hard drive

  #sync
  #umount /mnt
  #reboot

After installing rootfs to SSD, we will get much more better experience. 

  * Performance (R:106MB/s, W: 148MB/s)

  root@cubietruck:~# cat /sys/block/sda/device/model 
  SAMSUNG SSD 830

  root@cubietruck:~# dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/dev/null bs=1M count=10000
  10000+0 records in
  10000+0 records out
  10485760000 bytes (10 GB) copied, 98.9637 s, 106 MB/s

  root@cubietruck:~# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb2 bs=1M count=5000
  dd: writing `/dev/sdb2': No space left on device
  913+0 records in
  912+0 records out
  956919808 bytes (957 MB) copied, 6.45456 s, 148 MB/s

===== Tips =====

==== VGA output ====

If we want to change to VGA output default, we need to modify the script.bin at the 1st partition

  $bin2fex script.bin 1.fex
  $vim 1.fex (and change screen0_output_type to 4)
  $fex2bin 1.fex script.bin


====Kernel Source====
  * http://github.com/cubieboard/linux-sunxi (cubie/sunxi-3.4 branch)

====Wifi Module====

Cubietruck have AP6210 wifi/bt module combo on board, to load the module,

  #modprobe bcmdhd

====Default User/Password====
  linaro/linaro